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��n{t��ъ&�� V*إү:��N�� �J��zZ�4.^4 They feature a broad keybox and the drone strings run within the keybox. The first was guitar-shaped and the second had a rounded By the end of the 17th century changing musical tastes demanded greater polyphonic capabilities than the hurdy-gurdy could offer and pushed the instrument to the lowest social classes; as a result it acquired names like the German During this time the hurdy-gurdy also spread further to Central Europe, where further variations developed in western Slavic countries, German-speaking areas and Hungary (see the list of types below for more information on them). Secular, one-man forms, called symphonia, appeared in the 13th century. They used a large music box operated by a crank. The first recorded reference to fiddles in Europe was in the 9th century by the Persian geographer Ibn Khurradadhbih (d. 911) describing the lira (lūrā) as a typical instrument within the Byzantine Empire. �5��%#S���(��yB�}w���P���Q�q�m���v;h�tb�-%�v;��'��ղ܋�%(�y��G����Y�Y�.WD��@��h�b+^��1t�v&|�Q����m��gY
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NXvG�2J��� �|��_��S�*�뎻~�)W��j�K�6��9��O*�y��� `�b^G Large-wheeled instruments (wheel diameters between 14 and 17 cm, or about 5.5 – 6.6 inches) are traditionally found in Western Europe. The cotton on melody strings tends to be quite light, while drone strings have heavier cotton.
Electronic hurdy-gurdies, on the other hand, manage completely without strings. One of the earliest forms of the hurdy-gurdy was the organistrum, a large instrument with a guitar-shaped body and a long neck in which the keys were set (c… Hurdy Gurdies have had many body shapes over the years (see illustration). The melody string(s) (French To achieve proper intonation and sound quality, each string of a hurdy-gurdy must be wrapped with cotton or similar fibers. Revivals have been underway for many years as well in Because of the prominence of the French tradition, many instrument and performance terms used in English are commonly taken from the French, and players generally need to know these terms to read relevant literature. The hurdy-gurdyis a string instrument with a wheel (or circular bow) which setsseveral melody and drone strings vibrating … The hurdy-gurdyis a fascinating instrument which dates back to medieval times,but which is today enjoying a popular revival in many countries,particularly France, both as a folk instrument and for theperformance of medieval and 18th- century music. Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology, University of Chicago Press, 1990Christopher Page, "The Medieval Organistrum and Symphonia. ҍÍ��������c�: �>G�i�t ���R�#�?ԉ���x�����٣�-dI\�sf|kő#h�a
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AShort History of the Hurdy-Gurdy. ���#��*�y:=��p�*��C��B�_%��Ncזg�?�c_�6Ҟ7@�l;�z�r�W�ʲ|�hZ�u`�yL���^�x�0IzBZ�# $P��!���n��rK��� M��+�*�n/R�d��Z!��KO��GX�H;�ʱ�u��"7>-�h�Q��B�c+{�.�jwzB-�i��%Z%s��(��F��������a:����Z�L�;j
����5�y��0�b Many folk music festivals in Europe feature music groups with hurdy-gurdy players. While initially used in churches before they had organs (around 1,100 a.d., northern France), it didn't take too long before street musicians used hurdy gurdies in folk music. Because of the small size of the wheel these instruments most commonly have three strings: one melody string, one tenor drone and one bass drone.
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��x�]���lu�KLٸ��e�rO����q�:�������(�=�,���kѫQ�_VCS����4giS�lw�qs�Dޥyj��|3��]w�hM��E���g��Lޮ�d�7����i�9#�����a__�{�����e_����p�v�� Depending on the technical equipment of the instrument, the Margaret J. Kartomi: On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. The hurdy-gurdy is generally thought to have originated from fiddles in either Europe or the Middle East (e.g., the rebab instrument) some time before the eleventh century A.D. Hurdy Gurdy History. The hurdy-gurdy was first mentioned in the 10th century as the organistrum. WHAT IS A HURDY GURDY? In her overview of the instrument's history, Palmer recorded twenty-three different forms,There are two primary body styles for contemporary instruments: guitar-bodied and lute-backed. ;l"��5�j&��L�W,��Q{i�ח�f�fE������owo��cW&�v���h��\��reJ/;i��NrG\7jN�M@�m�Z�vdK�F���,�5�[?E�ܽ�� The hurdy gurdy, known in France as the vielle a roue or vielle for short, is an ancient instrument which is undergoing a modern renaissance in Europe and America. %PDF-1.2
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Slovene Folklore, Author(s): F. S. Copeland, Source: Folklore, Vol. They also generally have more strings and doubling or tripling of the melody string is common. The term hurdy gurdy was not coined in England until the eighteenth century. The signals for drone strings and the snares are generated by the crank movements of the wheel. ��\7vOM�ѕ�����C���&3�\��V[&[��y[�{6���(;�L�Q0����Ȳ/6��^���4;����L����+�h�%s�]/gO�+YTt�ؖB�l��QxӢ�-�}o@(��V�oK��-�dOR����`����g�v'��=(Vʾ5�t�k�Y#�B�H7H��bu�LvD��$��� ��N�'�X$`2|s�� ��^K��r^!�F��ⴤ�?��ǵ����`��˂m��`5�E� Both forms are found in French-speaking areas, while guitar-bodied instruments are the general form elsewhere. In addition, individual strings (in particular the melody strings) often have to have their height above the wheel surface adjusted by having small pieces of paper placed between the strings and the bridge, a process called On French-style instruments, the sensitivity of the buzzing bridge can be altered by turning a peg called a There are various stylistic techniques that are used as the player turns the crank, striking the wheel at various points in its revolution.
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