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Stalled wagons became obstacles that forced men around them and stopped supply wagons and artillery columns. 13 likes. By the time Napoleon left Moscow to begin his infamous retreat, the Russian campaign was doomed.The invasion by Germany was called the Great Patriotic War by the Soviet people, to evoke comparisons with the victory by Tsar Alexander I over Napoleon's invading army.An event of epic proportions and momentous importance for European history, the French invasion of Russia has been the subject of much discussion among historians. The poor roads and harsh environment took a deadly toll on both horses and men, while politically Russia's oppressed serfs remained, for the most part, loyal to the aristocracy. SÉGUR Ph. Texte tiré de la campagne de Russie 1812 – à Paris chez Ernest Flammarion – 1912 – Grand et fort In-4 broché, couverture illustrée – Parution à l'occasion de la commémoration de la campagne de Russie 100 ans avant – Superbe iconographie composée de 54 planches couleurs contrecollées et protégées par des serpentes en soie, 2 en … The main body of Napoleon's Memoirs written by French veterans of the campaign together with much of the work done by French historians strongly show the influence of "In Russia, the official historical line until 1917 was that the peoples of the Russian Empire had rallied together in defense of the throne against a foreign invader.Furthermore, the 19th century was a great age of nationalism and there was a tendency by historians in the Allied nations to give the lion's share of the credit for defeating France to their own respective nation with British historians claiming that it was the United Kingdom that played the most important role in defeating Napoleon; Austrian historians giving that honor to their nation; Russian historians writing that it was Russia that played the greatest role in the victory, and Prussian and later German historians writing that it was Prussia that made the difference.Russian historians tended to focus on the French invasion of Russia in 1812 and ignore the campaigns in 1813–1814 fought in Germany and France because a campaign fought on Russian soil was regarded as more important than campaigns abroad and because in 1812 the Russians were commanded by the ethnic Russian Kutuzov while in the campaigns in 1813–1814 the senior Russian commanders were mostly ethnic Germans, being either One consequence of this is that many Russian historians liked to disparage the officer corps of the Imperial Russian Army because of the high proportion of Baltic Germans serving as officers, which further reinforces the popular stereotype that the Russians won despite their officers rather than because of them.The Russian victory over the French Army in 1812 was a significant blow to Napoleon's ambitions of European dominance. The most obvious example is Napoleon's ill-fated invasion of Russia in 1812. For other uses, see "Patriotic War of 1812" redirects here.

F. G. Hourtoulle wrote "One does not make war on two fronts, especially so far apart".Academicians have drawn parallels between the French invasion of Russia and Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of 1941.

Davidov and other Russian campaign participants record wholesale surrenders of starving members of the Though starvation and the winter weather caused horrendous casualties in Napoleon's army, losses arose from other sources as well. "Whatever the accurate number, it is generally accepted that the overwhelming majority of this grand army, French and allied, remained, in one condition or another, inside Russia.

These were thought to be due to carelessness on the part of the soldiers.Relying on classical rules of warfare aiming at capturing the enemy's capital (even though Saint Petersburg was the political capital at that time, Moscow was the spiritual capital of Russia), Napoleon had expected Sitting in the ashes of a ruined city with no foreseeable prospect of Russian capitulation, idle troops, and supplies diminished by use and Russian operations of attrition, Napoleon had little choice but to withdraw his army from Moscow.Supplying the army in full became an impossibility. Napoleon made many terrible errors in this campaign, the worst of which was to undertake it in the first place. Thus, the grand total of all the forces was 488,000 men, of which about 428,000 gradually came into action against the Grande Armee.

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