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If the sample is heated at constant pressure (P = 1 atm), calculate the amount of energy in kJ needed to raise the temperature of the sample to 102.70 C. He gave the compound the name benzin. Sci. Deshpande, D.D. As the specific heat of water is the most, it means most heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1C and it is because the water molecules are strongly held together by hydrogen bonds. We don't save this data. [96], The paradigm of toxicological assessment of benzene is shifting towards the domain of molecular toxicology as it allows understanding of fundamental biological mechanisms in a better way. Aspiration hazard - Category 1 The signal word is danger. The risk from exposure to 1 ppm for a working lifetime has been estimated as 5 excess leukemia deaths per 1,000 employees exposed. [9], 1919, 11, 253-291. Have no definite shape 2. Acta, 1967, 37, 200-208. J. Chem. [105] Benzene leaked into the Songhua River, which supplies drinking water to the city, after an explosion at a China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) factory in the city of Jilin on 13 November 2005. Benzene is a chemical compound in gasoline. Thermodynam., 1974, 6, 873-876. [18][19] In 1833, Eilhard Mitscherlich produced it by distilling benzoic acid (from gum benzoin) and lime. This was seven years after he had solved the problem of how carbon atoms could bond to up to four other atoms at the same time. Copyright for NIST Standard Reference Data is governed by Chem., 1948, 79, 162-177. Flow microcalorimeter for heat capacities of solutions, Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. In 1865, the German chemist Friedrich August Kekul published a paper in French (for he was then teaching in Francophone Belgium) suggesting that the structure contained a ring of six carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds. for disposal with other flammable, non-chlorinated solvents. Copper standard solution | 7440-50-8 | Environmental Chemical Analysis ; Blanchard, E.R. [25] In 1997, benzene was detected in deep space.[26]. ; Daniels, A.C., How much heat must be transferred to the mixture per g-mole of feed? [97] Benzene causes chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood leukocytes and bone marrow explaining the higher incidence of leukemia and multiple myeloma caused by chronic exposure. After exposure to 63 to 405mg/m3 of benzene for 1 to 5 hours, 51 to 87% was excreted in the urine as phenol over a period of 23 to 50 hours. Benzene is an excellent ligand in the organometallic chemistry of low-valent metals. [all data], Burlew, 1940 Soc., 1932, 54, 2705-2713. Z. Phys. Molecular Weight 1 134.22 CAS 105-05-5 Other Names 1,4-DIETHYLBENZENE Benzene, p-diethyl- p-Diethylbenzene p-Ethylethylbenzene para-Diethylbenzene : Acentric Factor. The United States Environmental Protection Agency introduced new regulations in 2011 that lowered the benzene content in gasoline to 0.62%. [all data], Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1993 [17] Michael Faraday first isolated and identified benzene in 1825 from the oily residue derived from the production of illuminating gas, giving it the name bicarburet of hydrogen. The pathway for the metabolism of benzene is complex and begins in the liver. Sci. Chemical Properties of Benzene, 1,4-diethyl- (CAS 105-05-5) [23][24] Gradually, the sense developed among chemists that a number of substances were chemically related to benzene, comprising a diverse chemical family. Monatsh. [all data], Rabinovich and Nikolaev, 1962 phys. Some 20% of the benzene production is used to manufacture cumene, which is needed to produce phenol and acetone for resins and adhesives. Am. The title compound, C18H16N2O2, is a precusor for the synthesis of polyimides. [all data], Williams and Daniels, 1925 J. Res. 1 lists the specific heats for various materials. Experimental device for measurement of isobaric specific heat of electrolytes at elevated pressures, Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. [49] In 1870, the German chemist Viktor Meyer first applied Grbe's nomenclature to benzene.[50]. Answered: The table lists the specific heat | bartleby \Delta H of fusion for benzene is 9.87 kJ/mol; specific heat for liquid benzene is 1.63 J/g X degrees). Step-by-Step Verified Solution Basis: 1 mol Feed Benzene - PubChem . The empirical formula for benzene was long known, but its highly polyunsaturated structure, with just one hydrogen atom for each carbon atom, was challenging to determine. Benzene is used mainly as an intermediate to make other chemicals, above all ethylbenzene (and other alkylbenzenes), cumene, cyclohexane, and nitrobenzene. uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the [all data], Findenegg, Gruber, et al., 1965 Technology, Office of Data London, 1933, 45, 194-207. What are hydrocarbon compounds? Why do they burn with a smokeless flame? Answered: Benzene is a chemical compound in | bartleby The measurement of benzene in humans can be accomplished via urine, blood, and breath tests; however, all of these have their limitations because benzene is rapidly metabolized in the human body. The specific heat capacity of benzene (C6H6) is 1.74 J/gK. What is its Am. (The density of benzene is 0.80 g/mL, its specific heat capacity is 1.74 J/g K, and its heat of fusion is 127 J/g.) It found that four contained benzene levels above World Health Organization limits. Contact China Manufactory Wuhan Kaimubuke Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd for the product BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE. X-ray diffraction shows that all six carbon-carbon bonds in benzene are of the same length, at 140 picometres (pm). J. Chem. Czech. DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr. The specific heat transfer area is 109.46 m 2 per (kg/s) of fresh water and the heat transfer area of the distillate preheater is 200 m 2. ; Hart, K.R., Specific heat of sulphuric acid= 1.40 . Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 289-299. . The molecule is planar. ; Jost, W., [all data], Aoyama and Kanda, 1935 In catalytic reforming, a mixture of hydrocarbons with boiling points between 60 and 200C is blended with hydrogen gas and then exposed to a bifunctional platinum chloride or rhenium chloride catalyst at 500525C and pressures ranging from 850 atm. This discovery led to the production of Sanka. Huffman, H.M.; Parks, G.S. The heat capacity of benzene (C6H6) is 81.7 J mol-1 C-1. How much heat In bacteria, dioxygenase enzyme can add an oxygen to the ring, and the unstable product is immediately reduced (by NADH) to a cyclic diol with two double bonds, breaking the aromaticity. The most widely practiced example of this reaction is the ethylation of benzene. III. Hydroquinone, benzenetriol and catechol are converted to polyphenols. *** Very flammable. PDF Safety Data Sheet Sci., 1969, 38, 510-511. You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. [all data], Fiock, Ginnings, et al., 1931 Chlorination is achieved with chlorine to give chlorobenzene in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminium tri-chloride. Kalorimetrische Messungen an Mischungen von Nichtelektrolyten, 1. Izv. Specific heat capacity of liquids - My Engineering Tools Reaxys Registry Number. [all data], Fortier, Benson, et al., 1976 Data, 1986, 31, 238-240. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure May cause drowsiness and dizziness. In the bone marrow, MPO converts these polyphenols to benzoquinones. Sufficient heat is supplied to the reboiler to give, V /F = 0.855, and the reflux ratio L/D in the top of the column is constant at 0.50. J. Chem. Eng. Occupational Exposures Chemical Carcinogens & Mutagens - scribd.com Manufacture of some of these benzene-containing formulations ceased in about 1950, although Liquid Wrench continued to contain significant amounts of benzene until the late 1970s. J. Complete decarboxylation of mellitic acid gives benzene. Excess heat capacities for mixture of benzene with n-heptane at 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K, Pure Benzene (C_6H_6) has a melting point of 5.5 degrees Celsius. It is highly recommended to seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. Chim., 1968, 16, 549-552. These genes may be targets for genetic screening for susceptibility to benzene toxicity. Das Benzol." It takes 11.2 kJ of energy to raise the temperature of 145 g of benzene ; Gilmont, R.; Rossini, F.D., Findenegg, G.H. Get the detailed answer: What is the specific heat of benzene? For a given species, see the thermodynamic values below. Several enzymes are involved. A typical reaction yield exceeds 95%. von Reis, M.A., Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. *** Very flammable. Faraday Soc., 1956, 52, 753-763. ; Nikolaev, P.N., [51], Trace amounts of benzene are found in petroleum and coal. In liquid form,benzeneis clear, colorless and See also tabulated values of specific heat of gases, food and foodstuff, metals and semimetals, common solids and other common substances as well as values of molar heat capacity of common organic substances and inorganic substances. Determination of excess heat capacities of (benzene + tetrachloromethane and + cyclohexane) between 293.15 and 303.15 K by use of a Picker flow calorimeter, If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. As the carbon atoms in the benzene ring collided with each other, each carbon atom would collide twice with one neighbor during a given interval and then twice with its other neighbor during the next interval. Derivatives of benzene occur sufficiently often as a component of organic molecules, so much so that the Unicode Consortium has allocated a symbol in the Miscellaneous Technical block with the code U+232C () to represent it with three double bonds,[62] and U+23E3 () for a delocalized version.[63]. Even if it is not a common substrate for metabolism, benzene can be oxidized by both bacteria and eukaryotes. Excess thermodynamic functions of the systems: benzene + p-xylene and benzene + p-dioxan, The heat capacity, heat of fusion and entropy of benzene, . [79][80], According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2007), benzene is both a synthetically-made and naturally occurring chemical from processes that include: volcanic eruptions, wild fires, synthesis of chemicals such as phenol, production of synthetic fibers, and fabrication of rubbers, lubricants, pesticides, medications, and dyes. Specific Heat of Liquids - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Eng. The specific heat of a substance is the amount of energy that must be transferred to or from 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1. Kekul's 1872 modification of his 1865 theory, illustrating rapid alternation of double bonds[note 1], In 1845, Charles Blachford Mansfield, working under August Wilhelm von Hofmann, isolated benzene from coal tar. The specific heat of liquid water is 4.184 J/g C and the specific heat of steam is 1.99 J/g C. H vapof water = 40.8 kJ/mol. Khim., 1947, 17, 1999-2003. Specific Heat capacity is given as. Surface area of the liquid c. Pressure 6. We don't collect information from our users. [106], The Nazis used benzene administered via injection as one of their many methods for killing. NBS, 1946, 36, 455-461. Benzene has been shown to cause cancer in both sexes of multiple species of laboratory animals exposed via various routes. Heats of formation and chemical compositions . Risk of ignition. Temperature b. NQ01 mutations result in loss of function and may result in decreased detoxification. Am. Similar problems were reported by the FDA in the United States.[104]. ; Karbalai Ghassemi, M.H., Obshch. [78] IARC rated benzene as "known to be carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1). Benzene should NOT be used at all unless no safer alternatives are available. 125129. Data table of specific heat capacity of liquids Please find below a table of common liquids and their specific heat capacity, aggregated from different sources. [all data], Shiohama, Ogawa, et al., 1988 Kurbatov, V.Ya., Ethylbenzene | C6H5C2H5 - PubChem SAFETY DATA SHEET - Lab Equipment and Lab Supplies | Fisher Scientific ; Smith, J.F. Soc., 1925, 47, 1-9. The hydrocarbon derived from benzoic acid thus acquired the name benzin, benzol, or benzene. Flammable, irritating vapor is produced. [all data], Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1982 Zhdanov, A.K., The phase diagram for benzene shows the phase behavior with changes in temperature and pressure. Thermodynam., 1993, 25(1), 41-50. Benzene is classified as a carcinogen, which increases the risk of cancer and other illnesses, and is also a notorious cause of bone marrow failure. Whereas alkenes can be hydrogenated near room temperatures, benzene and related compounds are more reluctant substrates, requiring temperatures >100C. J. Chem. Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure Due to partial or complete lack of data the classification is not possible. (August 2007). Ser. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. If gloves are worn, PVA, butyl rubber and viton are suitable materials. [all data], Kolosovskii and Udovenko, 1934 J. Res. Most people in developed countries have measureable baseline levels of benzene and other aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons in their blood. Thermodynamics of the system benzene - p-dioxane, Solved For a given species, see the thermodynamic values | Chegg.com [all data], Duff and Everett, 1956 [all data], Hyder Khan and Subrahmanyam, 1971 Therefore, between the carbon atoms of benzene there were no fixed (i.e., constant) and distinct single or double bonds; instead, the bonds between the carbon atoms were identical. Solution Chem., 1987, 16, 745-752. There are limitations on the content of benzene in gasoline. Benzene CCOHS. Chemical Properties of Ethylbenzene (CAS 100-41-4) InChI InChI=1S/C8H10/c1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7H,2H2,1H3 InChI Key YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formula C8H10 SMILES CCc1ccccc1 Molecular Weight 1 106.17 CAS 100-41-4 Other Names .alpha.-methyltoluene Aethylbenzol Benzene, ethyl- EB Ethylbenzeen Ethylbenzol Etilbenzene Etylobenzen NCI-C56393 NSC 406903 J. Chem. Benzoic acid and its salts undergo decarboxylation to benzene. Benzene depletion in a laminar premixed flat stoichiometric low-pressure methane/air/benzene (1.5%) flame was investigated using a recently developed kinetic model that has been tested for low-pressure combustion of acetylene, ethylene, and benzene.Experimental flame structures of two stoichiometric methane/air flames (v =34.2 cm s 1, 5.33 kPa) with and without the addition of 1.5% of . ; T = 82 to 224 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum. The thermal analysis clearly ensures the enhancement in case of benzene added water upward spray, and the achieved average heat flux is 1.78 MW m 2. Heats of combustion and formation at 25C of the alkylbenzenes through C10H14, and of the higher normal monoalkylbenzenes, ; Bhatagadde, L.G., Soc. Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. de Kolossowsky, N.A. Bull. Faraday Soc., 1955, 51, 323-342. Use the References to access important values, If | Chegg.com Birch reduction, a non catalytic process, however selectively hydrogenates benzene to the diene. Measurement of air and water levels of benzene is accomplished through collection via activated charcoal tubes, which are then analyzed with a gas chromatograph. Combustible Gas Leak LEL Natural Gas Detector Methane Benzene Propane Alarm. Rept. at 1 atm: botling point = 80. Ann. Linking benzene rings gives biphenyl, C6H5C6H5. Chem. ; Bashirov, M.M. In 1870, the German chemist . [all data], Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946 C) Question: It takes 11.2 KJ of energy to raise the temperature of 145 g of benzene from 25.0C to 70.0C. Ethylbenzene Formula: C 8 H 10 Molecular weight: 106.1650 IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C8H10/c1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7H,2H2,1H3 IUPAC Standard InChIKey: YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS Registry Number: 100-41-4 Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file Soc. Chim., 1960, 8, 651-653. [all data], Rajagopal and Subrahmanyam, 1974 . It is dangerous to try to dispose of benzene by washing it down a sink, since it is toxic, will cause environmental damage, and presents a fire risk. [all data], de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1933 Some thermodynamice properties of the systems benzene + ethylene dichloride, benzene + carbon tetrachloride, acetone + chloroform, and acetone + carbon disulphide, J. Phys. Kolosovskii, N.A. [all data], Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929 Benzene, also commonly known as benzol, is a colorless liquid with a sweet pungent odor. [all data], Good and Smith, 1969 +4 A piece of aluminum metal at an initial temperature of 97.3C was placed in a calorimeter containing 49.0g of water at an initial temperature of 22.0C. Inzh-Fiz. Phys. Isentropic compressibilities of binary liquid mixtures at 303.15 and 313.15 K, Heat capacities of some organic liquids determined with the mixing calorimeter, The heat capacities, entropies and free energies of twelve aromatic hydrocarbons, Eng. In March 2006, the official Food Standards Agency in United Kingdom conducted a survey of 150 brands of soft drinks. Sulfonated benzene derivatives are useful detergents. This intermediate distance is caused by electron delocalization: the electrons for C=C bonding are distributed equally between each of the six carbon atoms. Khim., 1941, 11, 471-482. on behalf of the United States of America. Sandmeyer Reaction. M1: benzene (120 . J. Chem. Reddy, K.S., ; Wallace, J.H., Jr., 80.0C Boiling Point Melting Point Heat of Vaporization: Heat of Fusion 10.0C 10.0 kJ/mol 30.0 kJ/mol 100.0 J/mol K 90.0 J/mol K 70.0 J/mol K heat capacity . (This estimate assumes no threshold for benzene's carcinogenic effects.) Data, 1989, 34, 332-335. Partial Vaporization of a Mixture An equimolar liquid mixture of Williams, J.W. The reaction of the diazonium compound derived from aniline with hypophosphorus acid gives benzene. Hyder Khan, V.; Subrahmanyam, S.V., Coll. The specific heats of five organic liquids from their adiabatic temperature-pressure coefficients, Studies have shown that genotype at these loci may influence susceptibility to the toxic effects of benzene exposure. The short term exposure limit for airborne benzene is 5 ppm for 15 minutes. Commun., 1979, 44, 3529-3532. According to the ATSDR Toxicological Profile for benzene, between 1978 and 1981, catalytic reformates accounted for approximately 4450% of the total U.S benzene production.[52]. (VIII. ; Daniels, F., However, if heated it becomes a gas, and when cooled it becomes a solid. The specific heat capacity is the heat or energy required to change one unit mass of a substance of a constant volume by 1 C. Follow us on Twitter Question, remark ? Chem., 1971, 24, 1817-1822. The specific heats of certain organic liquids at elevated temperatures, Benzene (data page) - Wikipedia [all data], Kurbatov, 1947 ; Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid, Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar), Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions, Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions. Specific heat of liquids. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Ser. In some systems, even the benzene-to-xylenes ratio is modified to favor xylenes. Diffuse through otherliquids 6. In 1855, Hofmann used the word "aromatic" to designate this family relationship, after a characteristic property of many of its members. rend., 1933, 197, 519-520. Containers may explode when heated. The formula for specific heat capacity, C, of a substance with mass m, is C = Q / (m T). Chem. Chat now for more business. Aust. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (0.5 to 2.5) kJ/mol. [76] There is no safe exposure level; even tiny amounts can cause harm. Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure - Category 1. 11,960) for the fractional distillation of coal tar. Monatsh. The pure material, and any solutions containing it, constitute a fire risk. Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight. Excess heat capacities for mixtures of benzene with cyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, and cyclooctane at 298.15 K, Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! ; Shipova, V.A., CYP2E1 is involved at multiple steps: converting benzene to oxepin (benzene oxide), phenol to hydroquinone, and hydroquinone to both benzenetriol and catechol. Benzene. The Cl , Br and CN nucleophiles can easily be introduced in the benzene ring of benzene diazonium salt in the presence of Cu(I) ion. ; Lundberg, W.O., Wear safety glasses and use protective gloves. Specific heat capacity of liquids including ethanol, refrigerant 134, water. ; Grigoriev, V.A. Benzene is sufficiently nucleophilic that it undergoes substitution by acylium ions and alkyl carbocations to give substituted derivatives.